Along with the CKCS breed, this condition has been reported in Pekingese dogs, Maltese terriers, miniature dachshunds, fox terriers, lhasa apsos, pomeranians, Yorkshire terriers, and a Samoyed dog ( 4, 8– 10). The incidence of CM in the CKCS breed is an estimated 95% and current studies suggest that SM is present in more than 50% of dogs with CM ( 7) with approximately 35% of affected dogs exhibiting clinical signs ( 2). Recent data suggest that CM in the Cavalier King Charles spaniel (CKCS) is inherited ( 3, 7). Other documented etiologies causing SM in the dog include spinal trauma ( 4) and neoplasia in the region of the brainstem or foramen magnum ( 5, 6). This malformation of the caudal fossa is known as a Chiari-like malformation (CM), a condition that appears similar to Chiari type I malformation in humans. A cause of SM in veterinary medicine is a reduced volume of the caudal fossa secondary to an inappropriately small occipital bone ( 2, 3). Although the exact etiology and pathogenesis are unknown, SM is thought to develop secondary to an obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow at the level of the foramen magnum ( 2).
Syringomyelia (SM) is defined as a condition that results in the development of fluid-containing cavities within the parenchyma of the spinal cord as a consequence of abnormal cerebrospinal fluid movement through the foramen magnum ( 1).
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